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def str_to_hex(s):
    return ' '.join([hex(ord(c)).replace('0x', '') for c in s])

def hex_to_str(s):
    return ''.join([chr(i) for i in [int(b, 16) for b in s.split(' ')]])
    
def str_to_bin(s):
    return ' '.join([bin(ord(c)).replace('0b', '') for c in s])
    
def bin_to_str(s):
    return ''.join([chr(i) for i in [int(b, 2) for b in s.split(' ')]])
    
a="abcdef"
x=str_to_hex(a)
print(x)
print(hex_to_str(x))

不带0x的连续十六进制字符串转换:

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import re

def hex_to_str(s):
    pattern = re.compile(r'[A-Z0-9]{2}')
    return ''.join([chr(i) for i in [int('0x'+str(b), 16) for b in pattern.findall(s) ]])


#raw=""
#with open('raw','r') as f:
#    raw=f.readlines()
#raw=str(raw)
raw="3C3F7068700A24666C6167203D2027666C61677B66396361316136622D396437382D313165382D393061332D6334623330316237623939627D273B0A3F3E0A"
print(hex_to_str(raw))

字符串转十六进制

python2

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hex = "hello".encode('hex')
print hex

python3

在python3中，hex编解码器被废弃。改用binascii

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import binascii
hex = binascii.hexlify(b'hello')
print(hex)

十六进制转字符串

python2

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hex = "68656c6c6f"
print hex.decode('hex')

python3

方法一

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import binascii
hex = b'68656c6c6f'
s = binascii.unhexlify(hex)
print(s)

如果需要去除字节前缀b，（参考python去掉空格和 b - effortsing - 博客园
）只需

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print(str(binascii.unhexlify(hex)).strip('b'))

方法二

这种方法参考Python内置进制转换函数(实现16进制和ASCII转换) - 村口王铁匠 - 博客园

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hex = "68656c6c6f"
for i in range(0, len(hex), 2):
    print(chr(int(hex[i:i+2], 16)),end="")

关于废弃encode使用binascii参考了stackoverflow：
How to use the ‘hex’ encoding in Python 3.2 or higher? - Stack Overflow
hex - python encode() - Stack Overflow